"bestial" meaning in Middle English

See bestial in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˌbɛstiˈal/, /ˈbɛstial/, /ˌbɛːstiˈal/, /ˈbɛːstial/ Forms: beestial [alternative], beestyal [alternative], bestiall [alternative], bestialle [alternative], bestyal [alternative], bestyall [alternative]
Etymology: From Old French bestial, from Late Latin bēstiālis. Etymology templates: {{bor|enm|fro|bestial}} Old French bestial, {{der|enm|la-lat|bēstiālis}} Late Latin bēstiālis Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective||{{{1}}}||{{{2}}}||{{{3}}}|head=}} bestial, {{enm-adj}} bestial
  1. animal (of or pertaining to animals)
    Sense id: en-bestial-enm-adj-IG0eu6zY Categories (other): Animals Disambiguation of Animals: 64 18 12 6
  2. physical; non-spiritual (of faculties, knowledge, etc.)
    Sense id: en-bestial-enm-adj-PBD8YaKK Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 21 43 23 14
  3. beastly, depraved (lacking human sensibility)
    Sense id: en-bestial-enm-adj-Iy52Z~Xn
  4. stupid, unlearned
    Sense id: en-bestial-enm-adj-~emho4hE
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: beestly (english: all senses) Derived forms: bestially

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bestially"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "bestial"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "bestial"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French bestial",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "bēstiālis"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French bestial, from Late Latin bēstiālis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "beestial",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beestyal",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestiall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestialle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestyal",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestyall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bestial",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bestial",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "64 18 12 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Animals",
          "orig": "enm:Animals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "animal (of or pertaining to animals)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bestial-enm-adj-IG0eu6zY",
      "links": [
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 43 23 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "physical; non-spiritual (of faculties, knowledge, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bestial-enm-adj-PBD8YaKK",
      "links": [
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "non-",
          "non-"
        ],
        [
          "spiritual",
          "spiritual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "beastly, depraved (lacking human sensibility)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bestial-enm-adj-Iy52Z~Xn",
      "links": [
        [
          "beastly",
          "beastly"
        ],
        [
          "depraved",
          "depraved"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stupid, unlearned"
      ],
      "id": "en-bestial-enm-adj-~emho4hE",
      "links": [
        [
          "stupid",
          "stupid"
        ],
        [
          "unlearned",
          "unlearned"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌbɛstiˈal/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛstial/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌbɛːstiˈal/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛːstial/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "all senses",
      "translation": "all senses",
      "word": "beestly"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bestial"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Animals"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bestially"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "bestial"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "bestial"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French bestial",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "bēstiālis"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin bēstiālis",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French bestial, from Late Latin bēstiālis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "beestial",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beestyal",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestiall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestialle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestyal",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bestyall",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
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        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bestial",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bestial",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "animal (of or pertaining to animals)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "physical; non-spiritual (of faculties, knowledge, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
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          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "non-",
          "non-"
        ],
        [
          "spiritual",
          "spiritual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "beastly, depraved (lacking human sensibility)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beastly",
          "beastly"
        ],
        [
          "depraved",
          "depraved"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stupid, unlearned"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stupid",
          "stupid"
        ],
        [
          "unlearned",
          "unlearned"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌbɛstiˈal/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛstial/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌbɛːstiˈal/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɛːstial/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "all senses",
      "translation": "all senses",
      "word": "beestly"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bestial"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bestial meaning in Middle English (2.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.